Copyright Transfer Statement 

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The copyright to this article is transferred to Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment (Chinese Academy of Sciences), Science Press and Springer (respective to owner if other than Science Press and Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer and for U.S. government employees: to the extent transferable) effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. The author warrants that his/her contribution is original and that he/she has full power to make this grant. The author signs for and accepts responsibility for releasing this material on behalf of any and all co-authors. The copyright transfer covers the exclusive right and license to reproduce, publish, distribute and archive the article in all forms and media of expression now known or developed in the future, including reprints, translations, photographic reproductions, microform, electronic form (offline, online) or any other reproductions of similar nature.

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